200 with a JSON-RPC error (code, message, sometimes data); -32000 covers most of them, so the message is what tells you the cause.
HTTP
JSON-RPC codes
Common -32000 messages
Quotas fail closed: the request is refused, not queued. Show the message to the user; it already names the fix.
Scope and validation
Room
Some limits don’t error at all: Context summaries are cut to 20 words, and tags are lowercased, de-duplicated and capped at 5.